odpoveď:
pre #S_k (n) = sum_ {i = 0} ^ n i ^ k #
# S_1 (n) = (n (n + 1)) / 2 #
# S_2 (n) = 1/6 n (1 + n) (1 + 2 n) #
# S_3 (n) = ((n + 1) ^ 4- (n + 1) -6S_2 (n) -4S_1 (n)) / 4 #
vysvetlenie:
Máme
#sum_ {i = 0} ^ n i ^ 3 = sum_ {i = 0} ^ n (i + 1) ^ 3 - (n + 1) ^ 3 #
#sum_ {i = 0} ^ ni ^ 3 = sum_ {i = 0} ^ ni ^ 3 + 3sum_ {i = 0} ^ ni ^ 2 + 3sum_ {i = 0} ^ ni + sum_ {i = 0} ^ n 1- (n + 1) ^ 3 #
# 0 = 3sum_ {i = 0} ^ n i ^ 2 + 3sum_ {i = 0} ^ n i + sum_ {i = 0} ^ n 1- (n + 1) ^ 3 #
riešenie #sum_ {i = 0} ^ n i ^ 2 #
#sum_ {i = 0} ^ n i ^ 2 = (n + 1) ^ 3 / 3- (n + 1) / 3-sum_ {i = 0} ^ n i #
ale #sum_ {i = 0} ^ n i = ((n + 1) n) / 2 # tak
#sum_ {i = 0} ^ n i ^ 2 = (n + 1) ^ 3 / 3- (n + 1) / 3 - ((n + 1) n) / 2 #
#sum_ {i = 0} ^ n i ^ 2 = 1/6 n (1 + n) (1 + 2 n) #
Použite rovnaký postup pre #sum_ {i = 0} ^ n i ^ 3 #
#sum_ {i = 0} ^ n i ^ 4 = sum_ {i = 0} ^ n (i + 1) ^ 4 - (n + 1) ^ 4 #
#sum_ {i = 0} ^ ni ^ 4 = sum_ {i = 0} ^ ni ^ 4 + 4sum_ {i = 0} ^ ni ^ 3 + 6sum_ {i = 0} ^ ni ^ 2 + 4sum_ {i = 0 } ^ ni + sum_ {i = 0} ^ n 1- (n + 1) ^ 4 #
# 0 = 4sum_ {i = 0} ^ ni ^ 3 + 6sum_ {i = 0} ^ ni ^ 2 + 4sum_ {i = 0} ^ ni + sum_ {i = 0} ^ n 1- (n + 1) ^ 4 #
# 0 = 4S_3 (n) + 6S_2 (n) + 4S_1 (n) + (n + 1) - (n + 1) ^ 4 #
Riešenie pre # S_3 (n) #
# S_3 (n) = ((n + 1) ^ 4- (n + 1) -6S_2 (n) -4S_1 (n)) / 4 #
Tu #S_k (n) = sum_ {i = 0} ^ n i ^ k #